使用 Luxon 处理日期和时间#

¥Date and time with Luxon

Luxon 是一个 JavaScript 库，可以更轻松地处理日期和时间。有关如何使用 Luxon 的完整详细信息，请参阅 Luxon 文档。

¥Luxon is a JavaScript library that makes it easier to work with date and time. For full details of how to use Luxon, refer to Luxon's documentation.

n8n 将日期以字符串形式在节点间传递，因此你需要对其进行解析。Luxon 让这一切变得更简单。

¥n8n passes dates between nodes as strings, so you need to parse them. Luxon makes this easier.

Python support

Luxon 是一个 JavaScript 库。n8n 创建的两个便捷 variables 可在代码节点中使用 Python 时使用，但其功能有限：

¥Luxon is a JavaScript library. The two convenience variables created by n8n are available when using Python in the Code node, but their functionality is limited:

无法对这些变量执行 Luxon 操作。例如，Python 中没有与 $today.minus(...) 等效的属性。

¥You can't perform Luxon operations on these variables. For example, there is no Python equivalent for $today.minus(...).

通用的 Luxon 功能（例如将日期字符串转换为 Luxon 格式）不适用于 Python 用户。

¥The generic Luxon functionality, such as Convert date string to Luxon, isn't available for Python users.

n8n 中的日期和时间行为#

¥Date and time behavior in n8n

请注意以下事项：

¥Be aware of the following:

在工作流中，n8n 将节点之间的日期和时间转换为字符串。在对来自其他节点的日期和时间进行运算时，请记住这一点。

¥In a workflow, n8n converts dates and times to strings between nodes. Keep this in mind when doing arithmetic on dates and times from other nodes.

使用原生 JavaScript，你可以使用 new Date('2019-06-23') 将字符串转换为日期。在 Luxon 中，你必须使用明确指定格式的函数，例如 DateTime.fromISO('2019-06-23') 或 DateTime.fromFormat("23-06-2019", "dd-MM-yyyy")。

¥With vanilla JavaScript, you can convert a string to a date with new Date('2019-06-23'). In Luxon, you must use a function explicitly stating the format, such as DateTime.fromISO('2019-06-23') or DateTime.fromFormat("23-06-2019", "dd-MM-yyyy").

在 n8n 中设置时区#

¥Setting the timezone in n8n

Luxon 使用 n8n 时区。此值为：

¥Luxon uses the n8n timezone. This value is either:

默认：America/New York

¥Default: America/New York

n8n 实例的自定义时区，使用 GENERIC_TIMEZONE 环境变量设置。

¥A custom timezone for your n8n instance, set using the GENERIC_TIMEZONE environment variable.

单个工作流的自定义时区，在工作流设置中配置。

¥A custom timezone for an individual workflow, configured in workflow settings.

常见任务#

¥Common tasks

本节提供了一些常见操作的示例。更多示例和详细指南，请参阅 Luxon 文档文档。

¥This section provides examples for some common operations. More examples, and detailed guidance, are available in Luxon's own documentation.

获取当前日期时间或日期#

¥Get the current datetime or date

使用 $now 和 $today Luxon 对象获取当前时间或日期：

¥Use the $now and $today Luxon objects to get the current time or day:

now：包含当前时间戳的 Luxon 对象。等效于 DateTime.now()。

¥now: a Luxon object containing the current timestamp. Equivalent to DateTime.now().

today：包含当前时间戳（向下取整到天）的 Luxon 对象。等效于 DateTime.now().set({ hour: 0, minute: 0, second: 0, millisecond: 0 })。

¥today: a Luxon object containing the current timestamp, rounded down to the day. Equivalent to DateTime.now().set({ hour: 0, minute: 0, second: 0, millisecond: 0 }).

请注意，这些变量在转换为字符串时可能会返回不同的时间格式：

¥Note that these variables can return different time formats when cast as a string:

Expressions (JavaScript)Code node (JavaScript)Code node (Python)

{{$now}}
// n8n displays the ISO formatted timestamp
// For example 2022-03-09T14:02:37.065+00:00
{{"Today's date is " + $now}}
// n8n displays "Today's date is <unix timestamp>"
// For example "Today's date is 1646834498755"

$now
// n8n displays <ISO formatted timestamp>
// For example 2022-03-09T14:00:25.058+00:00
let rightNow = "Today's date is " + $now
// n8n displays "Today's date is <unix timestamp>"
// For example "Today's date is 1646834498755"

_now
# n8n displays <ISO formatted timestamp>
# For example 2022-03-09T14:00:25.058+00:00
rightNow = "Today's date is " + str(_now)
# n8n displays "Today's date is <unix timestamp>"
# For example "Today's date is 1646834498755"

n8n 提供内置的便捷函数，支持日期表达式中的数据转换。有关更多信息，请参阅数据转换函数 |日期。

¥n8n provides built-in convenience functions to support data transformation in expressions for dates. Refer to Data transformation functions | Dates for more information.

将 JavaScript 日期转换为 Luxon 格式#

¥Convert JavaScript dates to Luxon

将原生 JavaScript 日期转换为 Luxon 日期：

¥To convert a native JavaScript date to a Luxon date:

在表达式中，使用 .toDateTime() 方法。例如，{{ (new Date()).ToDateTime() }}。

¥In expressions, use the .toDateTime() method. For example, {{ (new Date()).ToDateTime() }}.

在“代码”节点中，使用 DateTime.fromJSDate()。例如，let luxondate = DateTime.fromJSDate(new Date())。

¥In the Code node, use DateTime.fromJSDate(). For example, let luxondate = DateTime.fromJSDate(new Date()).

将日期字符串转换为 Luxon 格式#

¥Convert date string to Luxon

你可以将日期字符串和其他日期格式转换为 Luxon DateTime 对象。你可以从标准格式和任意字符串进行转换。

¥You can convert date strings and other date formats to a Luxon DateTime object. You can convert from standard formats and from arbitrary strings.

A difference between Luxon DateTime and JavaScript Date

使用原生 JavaScript，你可以使用 new Date('2019-06-23') 将字符串转换为日期。在 Luxon 中，你必须使用明确指定格式的函数，例如 DateTime.fromISO('2019-06-23') 或 DateTime.fromFormat("23-06-2019", "dd-MM-yyyy")。

¥With vanilla JavaScript, you can convert a string to a date with new Date('2019-06-23'). In Luxon, you must use a function explicitly stating the format, such as DateTime.fromISO('2019-06-23') or DateTime.fromFormat("23-06-2019", "dd-MM-yyyy").

如果你有一个受支持的标准技术格式的日期：#

¥If you have a date in a supported standard technical format:

大多数日期使用 fromISO()。此教程将根据 ISO 8601 字符串创建 Luxon DateTime 对象。例如：

¥Most dates use fromISO(). This creates a Luxon DateTime from an ISO 8601 string. For example:

Expressions (JavaScript)

```js
{{DateTime.fromISO('2019-06-23T00:00:00.00')}}
```

Code node (JavaScript)

```js
let luxonDateTime = DateTime.fromISO('2019-06-23T00:00:00.00')
```

Luxon 的 API 文档包含有关 fromISO 的更多信息。

¥Luxon's API documentation has more information on fromISO.

Luxon 提供用于处理各种格式转换的函数。详情请参阅 Luxon 的解析技术格式指南。

¥Luxon provides functions to handle conversions for a range of formats. Refer to Luxon's guide to Parsing technical formats for details.

如果你有一个非标准格式的字符串日期：#

¥If you have a date as a string that doesn't use a standard format:

使用 Luxon 的临时解析。为此，请使用 fromFormat() 函数，并提供字符串和一组描述格式的 tokens。

¥Use Luxon's Ad-hoc parsing. To do this, use the fromFormat() function, providing the string and a set of tokens that describe the format.

例如，你有 n8n 的成立日期，即 2019 年 6 月 23 日，格式为 23-06-2019。你希望将其转换为 Luxon 对象：

¥For example, you have n8n's founding date, 23rd June 2019, formatted as 23-06-2019. You want to turn this into a Luxon object:

Expressions (JavaScript)

```js
{{DateTime.fromFormat("23-06-2019", "dd-MM-yyyy")}}
```

Code node (JavaScript)

```js
let newFormat = DateTime.fromFormat("23-06-2019", "dd-MM-yyyy")
```

使用临时解析时，请注意 Luxon 关于局限性的警告。如果你遇到意外结果，请尝试他们的调试指南。

¥When using ad-hoc parsing, note Luxon's warning about Limitations. If you see unexpected results, try their Debugging guide.

获取自今天起 n 天后的数据#

¥Get n days from today

获取今天之前或之后的天数。

¥Get a number of days before or after today.

Expressions (JavaScript)

For example, you want to set a field to always show the date seven days before the current date.

In the expressions editor, enter:

``` js
{{$today.minus({days: 7})}}
```

On the 23rd June 2019, this returns `[Object: "2019-06-16T00:00:00.000+00:00"]`.

This example uses n8n's custom variable `$today` for convenience. It's the equivalent of `DateTime.now().set({ hour: 0, minute: 0, second: 0, millisecond: 0 }).minus({days: 7})`.

Code node (JavaScript)

For example, you want a variable containing the date seven days before the current date.

In the code editor, enter:

``` js
let sevenDaysAgo = $today.minus({days: 7})
```

On the 23rd June 2019, this returns `[Object: "2019-06-16T00:00:00.000+00:00"]`.

This example uses n8n's custom variable `$today` for convenience. It's the equivalent of `DateTime.now().set({ hour: 0, minute: 0, second: 0, millisecond: 0 }).minus({days: 7})`.

更多详细信息和示例，请参阅：

¥For more detailed information and examples, refer to:

Luxon 的数学指南

¥Luxon's guide to math

他们的 API 文档：日期时间加号和日期时间减号

¥Their API documentation on DateTime plus and DateTime minus

创建易于理解的日期#

¥Create human-readable dates

在获取自今天起 n 天后的数据中，示例获取当前日期前七天的日期，并将其作为 [Object: "yyyy-mm-dd-T00:00:00.000+00:00"]（用于表达式）或 yyyy-mm-dd-T00:00:00.000+00:00（在代码节点中）返回。为了提高可读性，你可以使用 Luxon 的格式化功能。

¥In Get n days from today, the example gets the date seven days before the current date, and returns it as [Object: "yyyy-mm-dd-T00:00:00.000+00:00"] (for expressions) or yyyy-mm-dd-T00:00:00.000+00:00 (in the Code node). To make this more readable, you can use Luxon's formatting functions.

例如，你希望日期字段的格式为 DD/MM/YYYY，以便在 2019 年 6 月 23 日返回 23/06/2019。

¥For example, you want the field containing the date to be formatted as DD/MM/YYYY, so that on the 23rd June 2019, it returns 23/06/2019.

此表达式获取今天之前的七天日期，并将其转换为 DD/MM/YYYY 格式。

¥This expression gets the date seven days before today, and converts it to the DD/MM/YYYY format.

Expressions (JavaScript)

```js
{{$today.minus({days: 7}).toLocaleString()}}
```

Code node (JavaScript)

```js
let readableSevenDaysAgo = $today.minus({days: 7}).toLocaleString()
```

你可以更改格式。例如：

¥You can alter the format. For example:

Expressions (JavaScript)

```js
{{$today.minus({days: 7}).toLocaleString({month: 'long', day: 'numeric', year: 'numeric'})}}
```

On 23rd June 2019, this returns "16 June 2019".

Code node (JavaScript)

```js
let readableSevenDaysAgo = $today.minus({days: 7}).toLocaleString({month: 'long', day: 'numeric', year: 'numeric'})
```

On 23rd June 2019, this returns "16 June 2019".

有关更多信息，请参阅 Luxon 的 toLocaleString （人类可读的字符串）指南。

¥Refer to Luxon's guide on toLocaleString (strings for humans) for more information.

获取两个日期之间的时间间隔#

¥Get the time between two dates

要获取两个日期之间的时间差，请使用 Luxon 的 diffs 功能。此步骤将一个日期减去另一个日期，并返回持续时间。

¥To get the time between two dates, use Luxon's diffs feature. This subtracts one date from another and returns a duration.

例如，获取两个日期之间的月份数：

¥For example, get the number of months between two dates:

Expressions (JavaScript)

```js
{{DateTime.fromISO('2019-06-23').diff(DateTime.fromISO('2019-05-23'), 'months').toObject()}}
```

This returns `[Object: {"months":1}]`.

Code node (JavaScript)

```js
let monthsBetweenDates = DateTime.fromISO('2019-06-23').diff(DateTime.fromISO('2019-05-23'), 'months').toObject()
```

This returns `{"months":1}`.

有关更多信息，请参阅 Luxon 的差异文档。

¥Refer to Luxon's Diffs for more information.

更详细的示例：距离圣诞节还有多少天？#

¥A longer example: How many days to Christmas?

此示例整合了多个 Luxon 功能，使用了 JMESPath，并进行了一些基本的字符串操作。

¥This example brings together several Luxon features, uses JMESPath, and does some basic string manipulation.

场景：你需要一个倒计时，直到 12 月 25 日。每天，它应该告诉你距离圣诞节还有多少天。你不想在明年更新它。 - 它需要每年都能无缝运行。

¥The scenario: you want a countdown to 25th December. Every day, it should tell you the number of days remaining to Christmas. You don't want to update it for next year - it needs to seamlessly work for every year.

Expressions (JavaScript)

```js
{{"There are " + $today.diff(DateTime.fromISO($today.year + '-12-25'), 'days').toObject().days.toString().substring(1) + " days to Christmas!"}}
```

This outputs `"There are <number of days> days to Christmas!"`. For example, on 9th March, it outputs "There are 291 days to Christmas!".

A detailed explanation of what the expression does:

* `{{`: indicates the start of the expression.

* `"There are "`: a string. 

* `+`: used to join two strings.

* `$today.diff()`: This is similar to the example in [Get the time between two dates](#get-the-time-between-two-dates), but it uses n8n's custom `$today` variable.

* `DateTime.fromISO($today.year + '-12-25'), 'days'`: this part gets the current year using `$today.year`, turns it into an ISO string along with the month and date, and then takes the whole ISO string and converts it to a Luxon DateTime data structure. It also tells Luxon that you want the duration in days.

* `toObject()` turns the result of diff() into a more usable object. At this point, the expression returns `[Object: {"days":-<number-of-days>}]`. For example, on 9th March, `[Object: {"days":-291}]`.

* `.days` uses JMESPath syntax to retrieve just the number of days from the object. For more information on using JMESPath with n8n, refer to our [JMESpath](/code/cookbook/jmespath.md) documentation. This gives you the number of days to Christmas, as a negative number.

* `.toString().substring(1)` turns the number into a string and removes the `-`.

* `+ " days to Christmas!"`: another string, with a `+` to join it to the previous string.

* `}}`: indicates the end of the expression.

Code node (JavaScript)

```js
let daysToChristmas = "There are " + $today.diff(DateTime.fromISO($today.year + '-12-25'), 'days').toObject().days.toString().substring(1) + " days to Christmas!";
```

This outputs `"There are <number of days> days to Christmas!"`. For example, on 9th March, it outputs "There are 291 days to Christmas!".

A detailed explanation of what the code does:

* `"There are "`: a string. 

* `+`: used to join two strings.

* `$today.diff()`: This is similar to the example in [Get the time between two dates](#get-the-time-between-two-dates), but it uses n8n's custom `$today` variable.

* `DateTime.fromISO($today.year + '-12-25'), 'days'`: this part gets the current year using `$today.year`, turns it into an ISO string along with the month and date, and then takes the whole ISO string and converts it to a Luxon DateTime data structure. It also tells Luxon that you want the duration in days.

* `toObject()` turns the result of diff() into a more usable object. At this point, the expression returns `[Object: {"days":-<number-of-days>}]`. For example, on 9th March, `[Object: {"days":-291}]`.

* `.days` uses JMESPath syntax to retrieve just the number of days from the object. For more information on using JMESPath with n8n, refer to our [JMESpath](/code/cookbook/jmespath.md) documentation. This gives you the number of days to Christmas, as a negative number.

* `.toString().substring(1)` turns the number into a string and removes the `-`.

* `+ " days to Christmas!"`: another string, with a `+` to join it to the previous string.