数据库环境变量(Database environment variables)#
File-based configuration
You can add _FILE to individual variables to provide their configuration in a separate file. Refer to Keeping sensitive data in separate files for more details.
默认情况下，n8n 使用 SQLite。n8n 也支持 PostgreSQL。n8n 在 v1.0 中不再支持 MySQL 和 MariaDB。
🌐 By default, n8n uses SQLite. n8n also supports PostgreSQL. n8n deprecated support for MySQL and MariaDB in v1.0.
本页面概述了用于配置自托管 n8n 实例所选数据库的环境变量。
🌐 This page outlines environment variables to configure your chosen database for your self-hosted n8n instance.
| 变量 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|
DB_TYPE/ _FILE |
枚举字符串:sqlite, postgresdb |
sqlite |
使用的数据库。 |
DB_TABLE_PREFIX |
* | - | 用于表名的前缀。 |
DB_PING_INTERVAL_SECONDS |
数字 | 2 |
检查数据库连接是否仍然存活的间隔时间（秒）。 |
PostgreSQL#
| Variable | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
DB_POSTGRESDB_DATABASE/ _FILE |
String | n8n |
The name of the PostgreSQL database. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_HOST/ _FILE |
String | localhost |
The PostgreSQL host. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_PORT/ _FILE |
Number | 5432 |
The PostgreSQL port. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_USER/ _FILE |
String | postgres |
The PostgreSQL user. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_PASSWORD/ _FILE |
String | - | The PostgreSQL password. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_POOL_SIZE/ _FILE |
Number | 2 |
Control how many parallel open Postgres connections n8n should have. Increasing it may help with resource utilization, but too many connections may degrade performance. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT/ _FILE |
Number | 20000 |
Postgres connection timeout (ms). |
DB_POSTGRESDB_IDLE_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT/ _FILE |
Number | 30000 |
Amount of time before an idle connection is eligible for eviction for being idle. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_SCHEMA/ _FILE |
String | public |
The PostgreSQL schema. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_ENABLED/ _FILE |
Boolean | false |
Whether to enable SSL. Automatically enabled if DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_CA, DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_CERT or DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_KEY is defined. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_CA/ _FILE |
String | - | The PostgreSQL SSL certificate authority. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_CERT/ _FILE |
String | - | The PostgreSQL SSL certificate. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_KEY/ _FILE |
String | - | The PostgreSQL SSL key. |
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_REJECT_UNAUTHORIZED/ _FILE |
Boolean | true |
If n8n should reject unauthorized SSL connections (true) or not (false). |
SQLite#
| 变量 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|---|
DB_SQLITE_POOL_SIZE |
数字 | 0 |
控制是否以 WAL 模式 或 回滚日志模式 打开 SQLite 文件。当设置为零时，使用回滚日志模式。当大于零时，使用 WAL 模式，值决定配置的并行 SQL 读取连接数。WAL 模式比回滚日志模式性能更高，更可靠。 |
DB_SQLITE_VACUUM_ON_STARTUP |
布尔值 | false |
启动时运行 VACUUM 操作以重建数据库。可以减少文件大小并优化索引。此操作运行时间较长，会阻塞，并增加启动时间。 |